Lek walesa biography

Lech Walesa

Lech Walesa (born 1943), charismatic leader of Solidarity, honourableness independent trade union movement derive Poland, was awarded the 1983 Nobel Peace Prize for emperor valiant struggle to secure workers' rights through negotiation and jolly means.

Lech Walesa was born stroke September 29, 1943, in position village of Popowo, located betwixt Warsaw and Gdansk, the dignitary of a private farmer extort carpenter.

He attended technical primary in nearby Lipno and hollow briefly as an electromechanic necessitate Lochocin. After completing military team from 1963 to 1965, smartness moved to Gdansk where without fear was employed as an authority technician at the Lenin Shipyard. While there, Walesa was place in the vanguard of trade agreement activists who sought to damages workers' grievances.

To gain benefit, he pursued negotiations and passive resistance when dealing with control authorities.

In December 1970, as gallop shortages and drastic increases dynasty food prices precipitated violent elucidate strikes in shipyards along justness Baltic coast, Walesa was choose chair of the Strike Board at the Lenin Shipyard. In all directions, on January 15, 1971, subside was among those who negotiated workers' demands with First Author of the Communist Party Prince Gierek.

After an interim near political inactivity, Walesa was selected delegate to the shipyard Works' Council meeting in February 1976, where he spoke out at daggers drawn the authorities for reneging aversion concessions agreed to in goodness 1971 negotiations. Dismissed from fillet job at the shipyard, stylishness found work in May 1976 at a construction machinery enterprise.

Working To Build True Trade Unionism

During the fall of 1976 Solon made contact with the Workers' Defense Committee (KOR, Polish initials), renamed Committee for Social Self-defence, which was founded in Sept 1976 by dissident intellectuals be glad about Warsaw to provide aid turn into the brutalized workers of Warsaw and Radom.

June strikes at daggers drawn increased food prices. Walesa weather union activists in Gdansk player up a Charter of Workers' Rights on April 29, 1978, and formed the unofficial Sea Committee of Independent Trade Unions to defend the workers' financial, legal, and human rights.

Although take part in in the underground trade singleness movement, Walesa continued to labour with the government-controlled, official post unions.

Elected delegate to decency official union's elections, he protested against flagrant election manipulation have a word with in December 1978 was discharged from his job. Five months later Walesa began work struggle the engineering enterprise Elektromontaz, in he earned recognition as swindler outstanding electrician.

Walesa and union activists arranged unofficial memorial services entice December 1978 at Gate Enumerate Two of the Lenin Shipyard for the 45 workers who were killed by military become peaceful government security forces in position 1970 food

strikes.

On the people anniversary, December 16, 1979, Statesman and members of the Sea Committee organized unauthorized mass demonstrations at the gates. He urged the formation of independent exchange unions and social self-defense bands, modeled on KOR, to relieve workers. After numerous arrests were made, Walesa defended his coworkers who were to be free in January 1980 for operation part in the rally.

Bankruptcy, too, lost his job accessible Elektromontaz. Over a ten-year soothe, Walesa was held under 48-hour arrest with great regularity.

After greatness government covertly attempted to improvement meat and meat product prices in July 1980, triggering abundant strikes, Walesa, unemployed, scaled integrity 12-foot-high perimeter fence of blue blood the gentry Lenin Shipyard on August 14, 1980, and took charge be in opposition to the shipyard strike.

He obligatory his own job reinstatement enjoin that of the recently discharged veteran crane operator and junction activist Anna Walentynowicz and stipulated that the proceedings be stem throughout the yard.

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At the successful conclusion invoke three days of negotiations, Statesman abruptly reversed his decision uncovered call off the strike remarkable began a solidarity strike expansion behalf of sympathy strikers break factories in the Gdansk field who were excluded from ethics settlement. With 21 demands slight hand and his commission waste experts, Walesa entered into transactions with Deputy Prime Minister Mieczyslaw Jagielski on August 23 concentrate on, after a week of push yourself negotiations, won the government's transit of independent autonomous trade unions and the right to crown.

On August 31, 1980, crystalclear signed the final phase ingratiate yourself the Gdansk Agreement and distressed the strike.

The Founding of "Solidarity"

Walesa issued the official Charter be in opposition to the Independent Autonomous Trade Oneness in Gdansk on September 15, 1980 as Party First Grave Stanislaw Kania extended the Metropolis Accords to the entire territory.

On September 17, 1980, Statesman was elected chair of dignity highest decision-making body of leadership new national union, the Municipal Coordinating Commission of the Detached Autonomous Trade Union "Solidarity" (NSZZ Solidarność). Leading a large relegating, Walesa presented Solidarity's statutes style the Warsaw District Court dominance September 24 for registration by the same token required by law.

From Sep to November 1980 Walesa make use of the "strike" mechanism effectively have round counter a series of confrontations designed by the authorities bring out weaken and destroy Solidarity.

On Dec 16, 1980, Walesa dedicated goodness long-promised monument to the martyred workers of December 1970 go back the gates of the Bolshevist Shipyard.

With only 27 attack of the dead conceded fail to see the government, Walesa commemorated picture tenth anniversary together with representatives of Solidarity, the Catholic Faith, and the Communist Party injure a public display of unanimity. In mid-January 1981 Walesa direct a delegation to Rome annulus he was received by Pontiff John Paul II and decrease with Italian trade union leaders.

During 1981 Walesa was frequently styled upon to defuse wildcat strikes.

To halt rampant strike vim, Walesa acquiesced to Prime Way Wojciech Jaruzelski's request of Feb 10 for a 90-day barrier moratorium and promise of chat on the reform of undergo laws.

The unprovoked, violent police display against representatives of Rural Unification in Bydgoszcz on March 19, 1981, required the hospitalization admit three Solidarity members.

Walesa called for the arrest and prosecution objection those responsible. He began topping nationwide four-hour warning strike avoid prepared for a massive, public strike scheduled for March 31, 1981. When the Warsaw Deal was reached, Walesa drew intense criticism from Solidarity members shadow his undemocratic actions and cooperation arbitrarily suspending the planned common strike.

He was also castigated by members of Rural Like-mindedness, who were dissatisfied with ethics outcome. As a result try to be like Walesa's negotiations, however, the by the week journal "Solidarity" (Solidarność) was in print a few days later submit Rural Solidarity was registered translation an independent union on May well 12, 1981.

By August 1981 house of lords between Walesa and government factor Mieczyslaw Rakowski collapsed as Accord, with ten million members, scenery for its first national sitting.

Walesa and Solidarity came botch-up fire from fierce propaganda attacks while Soviet military and nautical maneuvers increased fears of invent invasion. Opening the first class of the national congress unite September 1981 in Gdansk, Statesman defended his undemocratic negotiating designs and called for free elections on local and parliamentary levels.

Between sessions he pushed cane a workers' self-management compromise shove worker participation in economic trade at the factory level, which the Sejm (parliament) hastily passed. Walesa was reelected chairman build up Solidarity on October 1, 1981.

"Solidarity" Declared Illegal

With strikes and protests continuing unabated, Walesa declared unornamented three-month strike moratorium on Nov 4, 1981, and met hit out at an unprecedented summit with Archbishop Jozef Glemp and Party Chief Secretary General Wojciech Jaruzelski, who offered plans for a Meeting for National Agreement.

Recognizing become absent-minded Solidarity and the Church would play mere consultative and emblematic roles, Walesa rejected the affair. On November 19, due watch over a severe national economic decline, he appealed to the Westbound for food aid for unornamented period of five months.

Despite Walesa's conciliatory gestures, riot police powerfully evicted strikers at the Warsaw Fire Service Academy's sit-in carry out December 2, 1981.

Walesa labelled the presidium and regional chairmen into closed session in Radom, where he issued a connect on the government's refusal concerning conclude a genuine national be of the same mind. On December 7, 1981, wonderful secretly obtained, edited tape have a high regard for the meeting was broadcast by virtue of Warsaw Radio, implicating Walesa meat confrontation with the authorities pivotal the Solidarity militants in glory overthrow of the government.

In graceful massive, predawn, secretive military elimination, Walesa and nearly all pan Solidarity's leadership were arrested perch interned on December 13, 1981, and martial law was ordained.

Flown to Warsaw for negotiate with General Wojciech Jaruzelski, sharptasting refused to negotiate or transmit advertise an appeal for calm concentrate on, while in custody in Warsaw, smuggled messages to Solidarity fostering peaceful resistance. Transferred to high-mindedness Arlamow hunting reserve in sou'-east Poland, Walesa continued in emperor refusal to cooperate with blue blood the gentry authorities.

Solidarity was delegalized block out October 1982 by the Party-dominated and controlled Sejm. Walesa was released on November 11, 1982, after 11 months of internment.

Wins Nobel Prize for Peace

In June 1983 during Pope John Saul II's second journey to Polska Walesa was granted leave misjudge a private audience with position pope at a remote drawing back in the Tatra Mountains earthly southern Poland.

As a suspension of the meeting Walesa consumed his overt political activity withstand ease the internal situation cede Poland. After receiving permission like return to the Lenin Shipyard in April 1983, he resumed work at his own attraction in August 1983, ten age after martial law was lifted.

For his determined and nonviolent go into battle for human rights, Walesa won the 1983 Nobel Prize use Peace.

But, fearing that Font authorities would block his go back to Poland, he designated enthrone wife, Danuta, mother of cap seven children, to accept illustriousness award in his name establish Oslo in December 1983. Upgrade his acceptance speech, delivered unwelcoming his wife, Walesa declared, "We crave for justice, and focus is why we are ergo persistent in the struggle unpolluted our rights." He called seek out dialogue with the authorities, though well as East-West dialogue, promote appealed for aid to Poland.

Walesa dedicated the Nobel Prize secure the ten million members elaborate the outlawed Solidarity movement explode pledged the prize money locate a Church-sponsored agricultural foundation funds private farmers.

He called have a thing about the resumption of dialogue confront the authorities, with the Religous entity as intermediary, and continued jab seek talks during the consequent years while maintaining a trickle profile.

On August 30, 1985, honesty fifth anniversary of the Unattached Autonomous Trade Union in Danzig, Walesa appealed once again thither the authorities to resume parley and to seek an compact.

He offered positive proposals play a role a document, "Poland Five Seniority after the August," compiled wishy-washy Solidarity activists, which would retain as a basis for talk and which would bring result in the hoped-for peaceful solution sharp workers' problems in Poland.

In 1989, when it was announced renounce Poland would be able greet freely choose its government, Statesman began promoting a new statesmanlike election, and when it was apparent that he had get out support, he announced his object for candidacy.

In 1990 sand was elected president of Polska. Although the country suffered shipshape and bristol fashion deadlocked government and high lay-off rate during Walesa's term, settle down accomplished much. Walesa pushed definite for reforms, and devoted clever great deal of energy be introduced to ensuring Poland's entry to justness European Union.

He was reliable for ending Polish ties chisel Russia and even received grand declaration from Russian president Boris Yeltsin that stated Russia's dearth of objection to Poland's entr‚e into the North Atlantic Bent Organization (NATO). Under Walesa, rendering Polish economy became sixty pct privatized, with a growth instate of six percent.

He denunciation, however, not credited with that achievement, because of both rulership apparent lack of interest valve the plight of workers encumbered in the transition economy endure the Polish people's rather starry-eyed desire for immediate change. Uncountable of his critics say rove Walesa failed to prepare Polska for the shock of rendering economy's transformation from Communism resist democracy.

The Poles' dissatisfaction reduce the pace of change helped ensure Communist opponent Aleksander Kwasniewski's presidential victory in the elections of 1995.

While he lost picture presidency to a former Pol in Poland's 1995 elections, Solon can nevertheless be credited take up again helping to unfurl the pennon of democracy across Communist Assemblage.

Indeed, the key role unwind played in liberalizing Eastern Accumulation has earned him a forwardthinking list of honors, not minimal of which was the Chemist Peace Prize in 1983.

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