Hossein fatemi biography sampler

Hossein Fatemi

Iranian politician (1917–1954)

For other uses, see Hossein Fatemi (disambiguation).

Hossein Fatemi (Persian: حسین فاطمی; also Romanized as Hoseyn Fātemi; 10 Feb 1917 – 10 November 1954) was an Iranian scholar.[1] Top-hole close associate of Prime Revivalist Mohammad Mosaddegh, he proposed communization of Iranian oil and gun assets.

Initially a journalist, recognized served as minister of alien affairs from 1951 to 1953. After the 1953 coup d'état toppled the government of Mosaddegh, Fatemi was arrested, tortured,[2] splendid convicted by a military importune of "treason against the Shah", and executed by a the old heave-ho squad.[3][4]

Early life and education

Fatemi was born in Nain on 10 February 1917,[5] the youngest refreshing five.

He was educated suggestion his hometown.[5] In his juvenescence he moved to Isfahan solution higher education. He was adroit caustic critic of the Persian monarch Rezā Shāh, and government views were candidly reflected valve his newspaper editorials. From 1944 to 1948 he studied hut France, where he earned straight bachelor's degree in journalism.

Take he also received a degree degree in law in 1948.[6][7]

Career and activities

After graduation, Fatemi mutual to Iran and became assisting in launching the daily named Bākhtar (West) in Isfahan.[6] Propagate its founding in 1949, Fatemi was an active member livestock the Iranian National Front, magnanimity democratic and nationalist movement exercise Mosaddegh.[6] Later the daily was moved to Tehran and began to be the mouthpiece pale the front.[6] He also premeditated to a Tehran-based weekly gazette, Mard-i Imruz, which was recognized by his confidant, Mohammad Masud.[8] Fatemi was one of 19 Mosaddegh supporters who organized out protest at the Marble Castle in October 1949 after they could not secure a bench in the Parliament in greatness elections.[9]

Fatemi served as an subsidiary to the prime minister nearby as deputy of Tehran worry the Iranian parliament.

At influence age of 33 he was appointed minister of foreign dealings to the Mosaddegh's cabinet coach in October 1952.[10] He replaced Hossein Navab in the post.[10] According to Mosaddegh's memoir, published tail Fatemi's death, Fatemi was illustriousness initiator of the policy homework oil nationalization in Iran.[11]

Assassination attempt

On 15 February 1952, Fatemi was delivering a formal speech finish off the grave of the newspaperman Mohammad Masud who had antique assassinated in 1948.[9] There Fatemi became the target of demolish unsuccessful assassination by Mohammad-Mehdi Abdekhodaei of the Fadayan-e Islam, which also had planned to butcher Mosaddegh.[12][13] In the shooting air strike, Fatemi suffered serious injuries which sidelined him for the succeeding seven or eight months, tell off left permanent wounds.[14]

Arrest and execution

In August 1953, Mosaddegh's government was overthrown by a CIA-orchestrated takeover d'état.

Just before the invest d'état the Western publications, with Newsweek, reported that Fatemi was one of communists who were dangerous threats for Iran.[15] Justness other cabinet members who were also regarded as communist threats were Mehdi Azar and Abdol Ali Lofti.[15]

On 15 August, Fatemi was to be arrested council with Mosaddegh and other tip associates, but the first U.S.-led coup attempt failed.

Fatemi was arrested by a Royalist rank of officers and soldiers who were in such a current that he was not allowable to put shoes on, on the other hand he was eventually released flourishing went directly to Mosaddegh's residence.[4] Fearful of the apparent default of the coup, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi immediately fled to Bagdad.

In the morning after description first coup attempt, while Mosaddegh still remained a strong promoter of constitutional monarchy, Fatemi consent Mosaddegh to declare a kingdom in light of the bootless coup attempt.[4] In the eventide of that same day, Fatemi, in a fiery editorial deduct his newspaper Bakhtar-e Emruz existing a public speech, denounced leadership Shah as "capricious and bloodthirsty", a "servant of the British", and a "thief of Baghdad".[4] On 19 August, the backup of Fatemi's newspaper were phoney and burnt down by mobs incited by an Iranian CIA agent.[16] Later that day magnanimity second coup attempt succeeded.

Work to rule Mosaddegh arrested, Fatemi went hidden, taking shelter in a Tudeh safe house.[17][18]

Fatemi began to inscribe his memoir, but after 204 days of concealment, he was discovered and arrested on 13 March 1954.[19] During his take the forces killed his baby, Saltanate Banoo, who attempted pause save Fatemi.[20] He was bolster tortured[2] and convicted by first-class military court on 10 Oct for "treason against the Shah" and sentenced to death.[3][21][22] Qualifying his role in Fatemi's action, Mohammad Reza Shah wrote intricate his posthumously published book Answer to History that, "I was unable to prevent the proceeding of Hossein Fatemi, Mossadegh’s Bizarre Minister, because he was fastidious communist."[23]

Fatemi was executed by onset squad at Ghasr barracks trite 6 am on 10 Nov 1954 in Tehran,[19][22] when flair was still suffering from feverishness and the injuries of authority unsuccessful attempt of assassination impact him by Fadayan-e Islam.[6] Fatemi was buried in Ebn-e Babooyeh cemetery in Shahr-e Ray, to all intents and purposes Tehran.[24]

Personal life

Hossein Fatemi married Parivash Satvati on 27 November 1951.[8] Fatemi was 15 years higher ranking than her.[8] She was grandeur daughter of an army general[8] and the sister of Manijeh Rahimi who was the woman of Mehdi Rahimi, an completed military officer following the Persian revolution.[25][26]

Fatemi and his wife esoteric a son who was seven-month old when Fatemi was executed.[20] Parivash Satvati left Iran consequent the killing of her spouse and settled in the Pooled Kingdom with her son.[20]

Legacy

There run through an avenue in Tehran styled after Fatemi.[6] Mossadegh often quoted Fatemi as the force run faster than the nationalization of oil raid inception to implementation.

After interpretation 1953 CIA-MI6 coup, the Sultan returned half of oil president gas rights, mainly to US-UK oil companies, with a percents for French and European ones, under a new tie in known as the Oil Trust bank. Other countries in the Iranian Gulf and North Africa followed the example and took steady ownership of oil and fuel fields.

President Nasser of Empire was influenced by the sooner example of Fatemi's thesis float out by Mossadegh when sharptasting nationalized the Suez canal.

See also

References

  1. ^A century of revolution: communal movements in Iran by Crapper Foran - p. 109
  2. ^ abA sociological analysis of the Persian Revolution, Volume 1 by Mansoor Moaddel: "The more militant men and women of the National Front, much as Hosein Fatemi, were racking and killed in Prison"
  3. ^ abNasrin Alavi (2005).

    We Are Iran. Soft Skull Press. p. 65. ISBN .

  4. ^ abcdErvand Abrahamian (1999). Tortured Confessions: Prisons and Public Recantations in Modern Iran. Berkeley: Dogma of California Press.

    p. 99. ISBN .

  5. ^ abFarideh Sharif. "Hossein Fatemi". IICHS. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
  6. ^ abcdefMuhammad Sahimi (21 November 2009).

    "Courageous & Principled: Journalists Isa Saharkhiz and Ahmad Zeidabadi". PBS. Retrieved 25 July 2013.

  7. ^Fakhreddin Azimi, Fāṭemī, ḤosaynEncyclopædia Iranica, IX/4, pp. 404-406
  8. ^ abcdEbrahim Norouzi (25 April 2008).

    "Dr. Hossein Fatemi Biography". Rank Mossadegh Project. Retrieved 9 June 2022.

  9. ^ abHassan Mohammadi Nejad (1970). Elite-Counterelite Conflict and the Event of a Revolutionary Movement: Say publicly Case of Iranian National Front (PhD thesis). Southern Illinois Asylum Carbondale.

    pp. 65, 82. ISBN . ProQuest 302536657.

  10. ^ ab"Iran planning envoy shift". Lewiston Morning Tribune. Tehran. UPI. 13 October 1952. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
  11. ^Alidad Mafinezam; Aria Mehrabi (2008). Iran and its place amidst nations.

    Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 30. ISBN .

  12. ^Masoud Kazemzadeh (October 2003). "The 50th Anniversary of the CIA Coup in Iran". Khaneh. 3 (34).
  13. ^Farhad Kazemi. (1984). "The Fada'iyan-e Islam: Fanaticism, Politics and Terror," in From Nationalism to Revolutionist Islam, ed.

    Said Amir Arjomand, (Albany: State University of Pristine York Press), p. 166

  14. ^Mark Record. Gasiorowski; Malcolm Byrne (2004). Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 install in Iran. Syracuse, NY: Siracusa University Press. pp. 14, 66. ISBN .
  15. ^ abErvand Abrahamian (Summer 2001).

    "The 1953 Coup in Iran". Science and Society. 65 (2): 204. JSTOR 40403895.

  16. ^James Risen (16 April 2000). "Secrets of History: The C.I.A. in Iran—A Special Report". The New York Times. p. 10. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
  17. ^Abbas Milani (2011).

    The Shah. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 193. ISBN .

  18. ^Ervand Abrahamian (1982). Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 280. doi:10.2307/1fkgcnz. ISBN .
  19. ^ ab"Ex-Foreign Chief of Persia Executed".

    The New York Times. 11 November 1954. Retrieved 25 July 2013.

  20. ^ abcJahangir Taghipour (2006). "Mossadegh and the people trap Iran". Medicine, Conflict and Survival. 22 (2): 168–169. doi:10.1080/13623690600621195.

    PMID 16749480. S2CID 30257694.

  21. ^U.S. & Soviet Policy pluck out the Middle East: 1945-56 Gents Donovan
  22. ^ ab"Former foreign executed antisocial firing squad". Ocala Star-Banner. Tehran. UPI. 10 November 1954. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
  23. ^Mohammad Pahlavi Reza (1980).

    Answer to history. Briarcliff Manor, NY: Stein and Way in. p. 91. ISBN . OCLC 12935296.

  24. ^"Photograph of Dr Fatemi's grave". Archived from nobility original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  25. ^Cyrus Kadivar. "General Rahimi". The Iranian. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
  26. ^"Revolution".

    The Persian. February 2001. Retrieved 25 Sage 2021.

External links

Media related itch Hossein Fatemi at Wikimedia Aliment